The role of invasion and urbanization gradients in shaping avian community composition

Abstract The extent to which native species utilize urban environments depends on responses multiple threatening processes. Here, we aimed quantify changes in bird communities response changing habitat structure, invasive and aggressive species. We conducted surveys two independently invaded regions with similar patterns of development. study were New South Wales (NSW) Queensland (QLD), Australia. observed 127 NSW 144 QLD. Most (NSW 83 QLD 84) are adapters making use some or all sub-environments. Urban avoiders, only found remnant vegetation, the second largest group (urban avoiders: 23 31). lowest richness most sites exploiters: 10 15). Using generalized linear mixed models, a non-significant relationship between abundance like common myna noisy miners, Manorina melanocephala, but significant positive correlation percentage shrub cover at site. As there is gradual loss increasing urbanization, retaining higher complexity vegetation structure areas will support large numbers could help mitigate potential impacts urban-adapted loss.